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British campaign in the Baltic (1918–19)
The British Campaign in the Baltic 1918–19 was a part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The codename of the Royal Navy campaign was "Operation Red Trek".〔(Churchill and the Baltic, Part I: 1918-1931 ), by Richard M. Langworth〕 The intervention played a key role in enabling the establishment of the independent states of Estonia and Latvia〔Kinvig, Churchill's Crusade〕 but failed to secure the control of Petrograd by White Russian forces, which was one of the main goals of the campaign.〔Kinvig, Churchill's Crusade, pp. 271–90〕
==Context==
Launched in the wake of the Russian collapse and revolution of 1917, the purposes of Operation Red Trek were to stop the rise of Bolshevism, to protect Britain's interests, and to extend the freedom of the seas.
The situation in the Baltic states in the aftermath of World War I was chaotic. The Russian Empire had collapsed and Bolshevik Red Army, pro-independence, and pro-German forces were fighting across the region. Riga had been occupied by the German army in 1917 and German Freikorps and Baltic-German Landeswehr units were still active in the area. Estonia had established a national army with the support of Finnish volunteers and were defending against the 7th Red Army's attack.〔Jaan Maide (1933) Ülevaade Eesti vabadussõjast. Estonian Defence League, Tallinn〕
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